In docker-Context here are the important informations you need.

Alpine Url: https://alpinelinux.org/ Imagename: alpine Shorty: Its very small. Packagemanger: apk Shells: /bin/sh Size: Few MBs - current tag needs 2.7MB

Jessie aka Debian 8 Url: https://wiki.debian.org/DebianJessie Imagename: debian:jessie Shorty: No LTS anymore Packagemanager: apt Shells: /bin/bash Size: ~50mb

Stretch aka Debian 9 Url: https://wiki.debian.org/DebianStretch Imagename: debian:stretch Shorty: LTS is running out Packagemanager: apt Shells: /bin/bash and many more Size: ~40mb

Buster aka Debian 10 Url: https://wiki.debian.org/DebianBuster Imagename: debian:buster Shorty: All what you need, but newer Packagemanager: apt Shells: /bin/bash and many more Size: ~50mb

Bullseye aka Debian 11 Url: https://wiki.debian.org/DebianBullseye Imagename: debian:bullseye Shorty: Newest debian Shells: /bin/bash and many more Size: ~50mb

Ubuntu based on debain Url: https://hub.docker.com/_/ubuntu Imagename: ubuntu Shorty: All what you need Packagemanager: apt Shells: /bin/bash and more Size: ~25mb

You can find a list of Debian releases and their end of life (EOL) dates here: wiki.debian.org/DebianReleases